In this program, you will learn to check whether a character is a Vowel or Consonant in Java. The vowels are ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, and ‘u’, and all remaining characters from the alphabet are consonants.
Let’s see a few java program examples of it below:
Example-1. Find if a character is a Vowel or Consonant in Java
Here, we check whether the given character matches any of the 5 vowels or not. If yes, the given character is a Vowel, else Consonant. Let’s assume that the user will always enter an alphabet character.
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
// Check Vowel or Consonant
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
System.out.println("The given character is a Vowel.");
} else {
System.out.println("The given character is a Consonant.");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
a
The given character is a Vowel.
Example-2. handle capital letter Vowels
In this example, if user gives the character in capital letters also it will handle. Here we are checking given character with all 5 vowels in lowercase as well as uppercase.
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
// Check Vowel or Consonant
if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I'
|| ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
System.out.println("The given character is a Vowel.");
} else {
System.out.println("The given character is a Consonant.");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
X
The given character is a Consonant.
NOTE:
In the above two examples, assumes that the user will enter an alphabet character only. If the user enters a non-alphabetic character, it displays the character is a consonant which is wrong.
To fix this, first, we will check whether the given character is an alphabetic character or not using isAlphabetic() method. It is a method available in the Character class in Java.
Example-3. if the user enters a non-alphabetic character
In this example, if the user enters a non-alphabetic character, it will print error message “Error! Non-alphabetic character.”
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if (!Character.isAlphabetic(ch)) {
// Non-alphabet character
System.out.println("Error! Non-alphabetic character.");
} else if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E' || ch == 'I'
|| ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') {
// Vowel
System.out.println("The given character is a Vowel.");
} else {
// Consonant
System.out.println("The given character is a Consonant.");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
5
Error! Non-alphabetic character.
Example-4. Check whether a Character is a Vowel or Consonant using switch case
The switch expression is evaluated once. The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case.
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if (!Character.isAlphabetic(ch)) {
// Non-alphabet character
System.out.println("Error! Non-alphabetic character.");
return;
}
boolean isVowel = false;
// Check vowel using switch case
switch (ch) {
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
isVowel = true;
}
// Print the result
if (isVowel) {
System.out.println("The given character is a Vowel.");
} else {
System.out.println("The given character is a Consonant.");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
U
The given character is a Vowel.
Example-5. find Vowel or Consonant using a String with all Vowel Characters.
In this example, we will take a String with all vowel characters ie- “aeiouAEIOU“, and check whether the given character is available in this string or not.
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
// All Vowels (lowercase and uppercase)
String allVowels = "aeiouAEIOU";
// Check given character is an alphabet or not
if (Character.isAlphabetic(ch)) {
// Check the character available in allVowels
if (allVowels.indexOf(ch) != -1) {
System.out.println("The character " + ch + " is a Vowel.");
} else {
System.out.println("The character " + ch + " is a Consonant.");
}
} else {
// Non-alphabet character
System.out.println("Error! " + ch + " is a Non-alphabetic character.");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
y
The character y is a Consonant.
Example-6. find if a character is a vowel or Consonant using the ternary operator (? :)
In this example, we use the ternary operator (? :) to find whether a given character is a Vowel or Consonant.
package com.javacodepoint.basics;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckVowelConsonant6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create scanner object to read user input
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an alphabet character: ");
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
// Check whether a character is Vowel or not
boolean isVowel = (ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u' || ch == 'A' || ch == 'E'
|| ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U') ? true : false;
// Print the result
if (isVowel)
System.out.println("The given character is a Vowel.");
else
System.out.println("The given character is a Consonant.");
}
}
OUTPUT:
Enter an alphabet character:
e
The given character is a Vowel.
See also:
Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd.
How to count the occurrence of the given character in a string in java?