Kubernetes MCQs – Disaster Recovery and Backup Strategies

11.) Where should etcd snapshots ideally be stored?

A) On the same node as etcd
B) Inside a pod
C) External secure storage
D) In a ConfigMap

Answer: Option C

Explanation: Backups should be stored off-cluster to ensure availability even if the cluster is down.

12.) How can you restore an etcd snapshot?

A) etcdctl restore
B) etcdctl snapshot restore
C) opkubectl restore etcdtion3
D) etcd restore now

Answer: Option B

Explanation: This command restores a backup taken by etcdctl.

13.) Which Velero command lists all available backups?

A) kubectl get backups
B) velero list backups
C) velero show backups
D) velero get backups

Answer: Option D

Explanation: Velero provides velero get backups to list previously created backups.

14.) What Kubernetes component must be recreated manually during disaster recovery?

A) Secrets
B) Services
C) Nodes
D) Deployments

Answer: Option C

Explanation: Nodes are not Kubernetes resources stored in etcd and must be added or recovered separately.

15.) What is a good practice for scheduling periodic backups in Kubernetes?

A) Use CronJobs
B) Manual invocation
C) AlertManager
D) Kubelet scripts

Answer: Option A

Explanation: CronJobs can automate regular backup tasks in a Kubernetes cluster.

16.) What is stored in a VolumeSnapshotContent object?

A) Image layers
B) Snapshot metadata
C) PVC name
D) Pod labels

Answer: Option B

Explanation: VolumeSnapshotContent stores the metadata and data path of a snapshot.

17.) Which flag is used with etcdctl to specify a snapshot file?

A) –data-file
B) –snapshot
C) –from-backup
D) –data-dir

Answer: Option B

Explanation: This flag helps in specifying the snapshot file when restoring etcd.

18.) How can you verify an etcd snapshot is valid?

A) Reboot the node
B) Delete the snapshot
C) Use etcdctl snapshot status
D) Rename the file

Answer: Option C

Explanation: This command checks the integrity and metadata of an etcd snapshot.

19.) What is the recommended backup frequency for etcd in production?

A) Weekly
B) Every hour
C) Every few minutes
D) Daily

Answer: Option D

Explanation: Daily backups are commonly recommended unless data changes very frequently.

20.) Why should secrets be encrypted in backup files?

A) To comply with security policies
B) To reduce file size
C) For faster retrieval
D) For cluster rebalancing

Answer: Option A

Explanation: Encryption ensures that sensitive information like secrets remains protected during and after backup.

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